Quran Talk Blog · Article · July 16, 2024
In the English speaking world, where the trinity doctrine is prevalent, some people are intrigued by God’s usage of the plural tense in the Quran. The overwhelming message of the Quran, where there is absolutely no compromise is that “GOD IS ONE” (2:133,163; 4:171; 5:73; 6:19; 9:31; 12:39; 13:16; 14:48, 52; , 51; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ).
Whenever the first person plural form is used by the Almighty, it invariably indicates participation of other entities, such as the angels. For example, the revelation of this Quran involved participation of the angel Gabriel and the prophet Muhammad. Hence the use of the plural form in 15:9: “ We revealed this scripture, and we will preserve it.” The plural form here simply reflects the fact that the angel Gabriel and the prophet Muhammad participated in the process of delivering the Quran.
Another example has to do with blowing the breath of life into Adam and Jesus. The creation of Adam took place in heaven and God directly blew into him the breath of life. Thus, the first person singular form is consistently used: “I blew into Adam from My spirit” (15:29, 38:72). The creation of Jesus, on the other hand, took place on earth, and Gabriel carried God’s “word” to Mary. The plural form is consistently used when referring to the creation of Jesus (21:91, 66:12).
When God spoke to Moses directly, without the mediation of angels, we see that God is speaking exclusively in the singular tense: “ I am God. There is no other god besides Me. You shall worship Me alone, and observe the regular contact prayers ( Salat) to commemorate Me.” (20:12-14).
Whenever the worship of God is mentioned, the singular tense is used (51:56).
Below are the different examples of the verses with the plural tense and explanations of how God can facilitate this through His agents of angels and servants.
Some people interpret the following verse to mean that all entities involved in the “we” were knowers of everything. However, this is a false extrapolation. The phrase simply means that collectively, they had knowledge of everything. This is not surprising because God, who is All-Knowing, is part of this collective. Therefore, the group, as a whole, has knowledge of everything. To illustrate, if I am part of a group that includes doctors, lawyers, engineers, and a polymath with knowledge of all three. It would be erroneous to assume that everyone in the group has knowledge of all these fields individually. Yet, it would be accurate if I say that we know medicine, the law, and engineering.
21:81 For Solomon, we committed the wind gusting and blowing at his disposal. He could direct it as he wished, to whatever land he chose, and we blessed such land for him. We are fully aware of all things.
وَلِسُلَيْمَـٰنَ ٱلرِّيحَ عَاصِفَةً تَجْرِى بِأَمْرِهِۦٓ إِلَى ٱلْأَرْضِ ٱلَّتِى بَـٰرَكْنَا فِيهَا وَكُنَّا بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عَـٰلِمِينَ
The expression in the above verse, “to us, they were worshipers,” can be understood in two ways. Either the individuals were worshiping “us,” or, according to us, the individuals were worshipers. Let’s look at one of the verses that uses this expression, and for background, this is regarding Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
21:73 We made them imams who guided in accordance with our commandments, and we taught them how to work righteousness, and how to observe the Contact Prayers (Salat) and the obligatory charity (Zakat). To us, they were devoted worshipers.
وَجَعَلْنَـٰهُمْ أَئِمَّةً يَهْدُونَ بِأَمْرِنَا وَأَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْهِمْ فِعْلَ ٱلْخَيْرَٰتِ وَإِقَامَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ وَإِيتَآءَ ٱلزَّكَوٰةِ وَكَانُوا۟ لَنَا عَـٰبِدِينَ
As we can see, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob were not devoted worshipers of “us,” but the proper understanding is that according to “us,” Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob were devoted worshipers. The first interpretation would imply shirk (associating partners with God), while the latter interpretation aligns with the rest of the Quran, as Abraham was never an idol worshiper (2:135). We also see a similar expression utilized in 21:90 regarding John and his wife, which we will discuss below.
Additionally, we see a similar structure in the following verse.
21:106 This is a proclamation for people who are worshipers.
إِنَّ فِى هَـٰذَا لَبَلَـٰغًا لِّقَوْمٍ عَـٰبِدِينَ
From the above verse, it would be inaccurate to say these were “people worshipers” instead of “people who were worshipers.”
Also, since this expression in 21:73 comes immediately after the concept of Salat, it is worth mentioning that Salat’s purpose is to worship God alone and to remember God alone. So, to try to extract that the verse is showing a plurality in worship would be completely contradictory to many other verses in the Quran.
6:162 Say, “ My Contact Prayers (Salat), my worship practices, my life and my death, are all devoted absolutely to GOD alone, the Lord of the universe.
قُلْ إِنَّ صَلَاتِى وَنُسُكِى وَمَحْيَاىَ وَمَمَاتِى لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ
20:14 “I am GOD; there is no other god beside Me. You shall worship Me alone, and observe the Contact Prayers (Salat) to remember Me.
إِنَّنِىٓ أَنَا ٱللَّهُ لَآ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّآ أَنَا۠ فَٱعْبُدْنِى وَأَقِمِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ لِذِكْرِىٓ
Each person has two recording angels recording all their deeds.
43:80 Do they think that we do not hear their secrets and conspiracies? Yes indeed; our messengers are with them, recording.
أَمْ يَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّا لَا نَسْمَعُ سِرَّهُمْ وَنَجْوَىٰهُم بَلَىٰ وَرُسُلُنَا لَدَيْهِمْ يَكْتُبُونَ
50:17 Two recording (angels), at right and at left, are constantly recording.
إِذْ يَتَلَقَّى ٱلْمُتَلَقِّيَانِ عَنِ ٱلْيَمِينِ وَعَنِ ٱلشِّمَالِ قَعِيدٌ
These records will be visible to all on the Day of Resurrection.
69:19 As for the one who receives his record with his right hand, he will say, “Come read my record.
فَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِىَ كِتَـٰبَهُۥ بِيَمِينِهِۦ فَيَقُولُ هَآؤُمُ ٱقْرَءُوا۟ كِتَـٰبِيَهْ
69:25 As for him who is given his record in his left hand, he will say, “Oh, I wish I never received my record.
وَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِىَ كِتَـٰبَهُۥ بِشِمَالِهِۦ فَيَقُولُ يَـٰلَيْتَنِى لَمْ أُوتَ كِتَـٰبِيَهْ
When a person has their sins forgiven, this process requires the angel to update their record accordingly. Additionally, when we commit sin, we bring disaster upon ourselves. So, forgiving sin, in addition to wiping it from the record, can also require removing the hardship and adversity that the sin has caused the individual. A case in point is the Children of Israel, who suffered many hardships because of their transgressions, yet if they were to abide by God’s command, God would forgive their sins, which would require the angels to remove their hardships and increase their reward.
2:58 Recall that we said, “Enter this town, where you will find as many provisions as you like. Just enter the gate humbly, and treat the people nicely. We will then forgive your sins, and increase the reward for the pious.”
وَإِذْ قُلْنَا ٱدْخُلُوا۟ هَـٰذِهِ ٱلْقَرْيَةَ فَكُلُوا۟ مِنْهَا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمْ رَغَدًا وَٱدْخُلُوا۟ ٱلْبَابَ سُجَّدًا وَقُولُوا۟ حِطَّةٌ نَّغْفِرْ لَكُمْ خَطَـٰيَـٰكُمْ وَسَنَزِيدُ ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ
7:161 Recall that they were told, “Go into this town to live, and eat therefrom as you please, treat the people amicably, and enter the gate humbly. We will then forgive your transgressions. We will multiply the reward for the righteous.”
وَإِذْ قِيلَ لَهُمُ ٱسْكُنُوا۟ هَـٰذِهِ ٱلْقَرْيَةَ وَكُلُوا۟ مِنْهَا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمْ وَقُولُوا۟ حِطَّةٌ وَٱدْخُلُوا۟ ٱلْبَابَ سُجَّدًا نَّغْفِرْ لَكُمْ خَطِيٓـَٔـٰتِكُمْ سَنَزِيدُ ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ
38:25 We forgave him in this matter. We have granted him a position of honor with us, and a beautiful abode.
فَغَفَرْنَا لَهُۥ ذَٰلِكَ وَإِنَّ لَهُۥ عِندَنَا لَزُلْفَىٰ وَحُسْنَ مَـَٔابٍ
An interesting side to this point can be found in the Bible: When Jesus heals the paralytic, he tells him that his sins have been forgiven. This signifies that his sins caused him hardship, and his healing signified the forgiveness of his sins.
Matthew 9:2-8 “And behold, some people brought to him a paralytic, lying on a bed. And when Jesus saw their faith, he said to the paralytic, ‘Take heart, my son; your sins are forgiven.’ And behold, some of the scribes said to themselves, ‘This man is blaspheming.’ But Jesus, knowing their thoughts, said, ‘Why do you think evil in your hearts? For which is easier, to say, ‘Your sins are forgiven,’ or to say, ‘Rise and walk’? But that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins’—he then said to the paralytic—’Rise, pick up your bed and go home.’ And he rose and went home. When the crowds saw it, they were afraid, and they glorified God, who had given such authority to men.”
When God blesses, grants, or provides, He utilizes the angels or other entities to fulfill this request. A clear example is the immaculate conception of Jesus, where God sent the angels to carry out the commandments. Similarly, when God grants anyone a child, a similar process must be undertaken, where the angels carry out God’s doing of what is destined.
Additionally, angels have some discretion in the context of offspring and mercy. This is evident in Sura 18 of the Quran and in Moses’ teacher’s example. When Moses’ teacher explained why he did the three things, he showed that the first event was because of his own discretion, the second was due to our discretion, and the final was God’s discretion. This indicates that God permits His servants discretion in the decisions they make.
18:79 “As for the ship, it belonged to poor fishermen, and I wanted to render it defective. There was a king coming after them, who was confiscating every ship, forcibly. 18:80 “As for the boy, his parents were good believers, and we saw that he was going to burden them with his transgression and disbelief. 18:81 “ We willed that your Lord substitute in his place another son; one who is better in righteousness and kindness. 18:82 “As for the wall, it belonged to two orphan boys in the city. Under it, there was a treasure that belonged to them. Because their father was a righteous man, your Lord wanted them to grow up and attain full strength, then extract their treasure. Such is mercy from your Lord. I did none of that of my own volition. This is the explanation of the things you could not stand.”
أَمَّا ٱلسَّفِينَةُ فَكَانَتْ لِمَسَـٰكِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ فِى ٱلْبَحْرِ فَأَرَدتُّ أَنْ أَعِيبَهَا وَكَانَ وَرَآءَهُم مَّلِكٌ يَأْخُذُ كُلَّ سَفِينَةٍ غَصْبًا وَأَمَّا ٱلْغُلَـٰمُ فَكَانَ أَبَوَاهُ مُؤْمِنَيْنِ فَخَشِينَآ أَن يُرْهِقَهُمَا طُغْيَـٰنًا وَكُفْرًا فَأَرَدْنَآ أَن يُبْدِلَهُمَا رَبُّهُمَا خَيْرًا مِّنْهُ زَكَوٰةً وَأَقْرَبَ رُحْمًا وَأَمَّا ٱلْجِدَارُ فَكَانَ لِغُلَـٰمَيْنِ يَتِيمَيْنِ فِى ٱلْمَدِينَةِ وَكَانَ تَحْتَهُۥ كَنزٌ لَّهُمَا وَكَانَ أَبُوهُمَا صَـٰلِحًا فَأَرَادَ رَبُّكَ أَن يَبْلُغَآ أَشُدَّهُمَا وَيَسْتَخْرِجَا كَنزَهُمَا رَحْمَةً مِّن رَّبِّكَ وَمَا فَعَلْتُهُۥ عَنْ أَمْرِى ذَٰلِكَ تَأْوِيلُ مَا لَمْ تَسْطِع عَّلَيْهِ صَبْرًا
The above examples show that the angels have discretion in their decision making and are allowed to make decisions impacting the people of this world in accordance with God’s will. Additionally, we see that the angels even pray for God’s forgiveness and mercy for the believers.
40:7 Those who serve the throne and all those around it glorify and praise their Lord, and believe in Him. And they ask forgiveness for those who believe: “Our Lord, Your mercy and Your knowledge encompass all things. Forgive those who repent and follow Your path, and spare them the retribution of Hell.
ٱلَّذِينَ يَحْمِلُونَ ٱلْعَرْشَ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُۥ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ وَيُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِۦ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ رَبَّنَا وَسِعْتَ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ رَّحْمَةً وَعِلْمًا فَٱغْفِرْ لِلَّذِينَ تَابُوا۟ وَٱتَّبَعُوا۟ سَبِيلَكَ وَقِهِمْ عَذَابَ ٱلْجَحِيمِ
6:84 And we granted him Isaac and Jacob, and we guided both of them. Similarly, we guided Noah before that, and from his descendants (we guided) David, Solomon, Job, Joseph, Moses, and Aaron. We thus reward the righteous.
وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُۥٓ إِسْحَـٰقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ كُلًّا هَدَيْنَا وَنُوحًا هَدَيْنَا مِن قَبْلُ وَمِن ذُرِّيَّتِهِۦ دَاوُۥدَ وَسُلَيْمَـٰنَ وَأَيُّوبَ وَيُوسُفَ وَمُوسَىٰ وَهَـٰرُونَ وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِى ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ
19:49 Because he abandoned them and the gods they worshiped beside GOD, we granted him Isaac and Jacob, and we made each of them a prophet.
فَلَمَّا ٱعْتَزَلَهُمْ وَمَا يَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ وَهَبْنَا لَهُۥٓ إِسْحَـٰقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَكُلًّا جَعَلْنَا نَبِيًّا
19:50 We showered them with our mercy, and we granted them an honorable position in history.
وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُم مِّن رَّحْمَتِنَا وَجَعَلْنَا لَهُمْ لِسَانَ صِدْقٍ عَلِيًّا
19:53 And we granted him, out of our mercy, his brother Aaron as a prophet.
وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُۥ مِن رَّحْمَتِنَآ أَخَاهُ هَـٰرُونَ نَبِيًّا
21:72 And we granted him Isaac and Jacob as a gift, and we made them both righteous.
وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُۥٓ إِسْحَـٰقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ نَافِلَةً وَكُلًّا جَعَلْنَا صَـٰلِحِينَ
29:27 We granted him Isaac and Jacob, we assigned to his descendants prophethood and the scriptures, we endowed him with his due recompense in this life, and in the Hereafter he will surely be with the righteous.
وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُۥٓ إِسْحَـٰقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَجَعَلْنَا فِى ذُرِّيَّتِهِ ٱلنُّبُوَّةَ وَٱلْكِتَـٰبَ وَءَاتَيْنَـٰهُ أَجْرَهُۥ فِى ٱلدُّنْيَا وَإِنَّهُۥ فِى ٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ لَمِنَ ٱلصَّـٰلِحِينَ
38:30 To David we granted Solomon; a good and obedient servant.
وَوَهَبْنَا لِدَاوُۥدَ سُلَيْمَـٰنَ نِعْمَ ٱلْعَبْدُ إِنَّهُۥٓ أَوَّابٌ
38:43 We restored his family for him; twice as many. Such is our mercy; a reminder for those who possess intelligence.
وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُۥٓ أَهْلَهُۥ وَمِثْلَهُم مَّعَهُمْ رَحْمَةً مِّنَّا وَذِكْرَىٰ لِأُو۟لِى ٱلْأَلْبَـٰبِ
6:94 “You have come back to us as individuals, just as we created you the first time, and you have left behind what we provided for you. We do not see with you the intercessors that you idolized and claimed that they will help you. All ties among you have been severed; the idols you set up have abandoned you.”
وَلَقَدْ جِئْتُمُونَا فُرَٰدَىٰ كَمَا خَلَقْنَـٰكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ وَتَرَكْتُم مَّا خَوَّلْنَـٰكُمْ وَرَآءَ ظُهُورِكُمْ وَمَا نَرَىٰ مَعَكُمْ شُفَعَآءَكُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ زَعَمْتُمْ أَنَّهُمْ فِيكُمْ شُرَكَـٰٓؤُا۟ لَقَد تَّقَطَّعَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَضَلَّ عَنكُم مَّا كُنتُمْ تَزْعُمُونَ
When the Quran states that “we forget” in the following verses, it signifies that God and His constituency disregard the person.
7:51 Those who do not take their religion seriously, and are totally preoccupied with this worldly life, we forget them on that day, because they forgot that day, and because they spurned our revelations.
ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّخَذُوا۟ دِينَهُمْ لَهْوًا وَلَعِبًا وَغَرَّتْهُمُ ٱلْحَيَوٰةُ ٱلدُّنْيَا فَٱلْيَوْمَ نَنسَىٰهُمْ كَمَا نَسُوا۟ لِقَآءَ يَوْمِهِمْ هَـٰذَا وَمَا كَانُوا۟ بِـَٔايَـٰتِنَا يَجْحَدُونَ
45:34 It will be proclaimed: “Today we forget you, just as you forgot the meeting of this day. Your abode is the hellfire, and you will have no helpers.
وَقِيلَ ٱلْيَوْمَ نَنسَىٰكُمْ كَمَا نَسِيتُمْ لِقَآءَ يَوْمِكُمْ هَـٰذَا وَمَأْوَىٰكُمُ ٱلنَّارُ وَمَا لَكُم مِّن نَّـٰصِرِينَ
32:14 Taste the consequences of your forgetting this day; now we forget you. You have incurred eternal retribution in return for your own works.
فَذُوقُوا۟ بِمَا نَسِيتُمْ لِقَآءَ يَوْمِكُمْ هَـٰذَآ إِنَّا نَسِينَـٰكُمْ وَذُوقُوا۟ عَذَابَ ٱلْخُلْدِ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ
The following three examples state, “implored us,” and in response, “we” relieved, bestowed, or fixed the situation. This shows that when a person implores God, God dispatches His angels and invisible forces to fulfill the people’s prayers. So even though the supplication is to God, the command is given to God’s agents to carry out the act accordingly. This process can be seen in the following example from the prophet.
8:9 Thus, when you implored your Lord to come to the rescue, He responded to you: “I am supporting you with one thousand angels in succession.”
إِذْ تَسْتَغِيثُونَ رَبَّكُمْ فَٱسْتَجَابَ لَكُمْ أَنِّى مُمِدُّكُم بِأَلْفٍ مِّنَ ٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةِ مُرْدِفِينَ
8:12 Recall that your Lord inspired the angels: “I am with you; so support those who believed. I will throw terror into the hearts of those who disbelieved. You may strike them above the necks, and you may strike even every finger.”
إِذْ يُوحِى رَبُّكَ إِلَى ٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةِ أَنِّى مَعَكُمْ فَثَبِّتُوا۟ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ سَأُلْقِى فِى قُلُوبِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ ٱلرُّعْبَ فَٱضْرِبُوا۟ فَوْقَ ٱلْأَعْنَاقِ وَٱضْرِبُوا۟ مِنْهُمْ كُلَّ بَنَانٍ
In another verse in the same vein, it states:
3:125 Indeed, if you steadfastly persevere and maintain righteousness, then they attack you suddenly, your Lord will support you with five thousand* angels, well trained.
بَلَىٰٓ إِن تَصْبِرُوا۟ وَتَتَّقُوا۟ وَيَأْتُوكُم مِّن فَوْرِهِمْ هَـٰذَا يُمْدِدْكُمْ رَبُّكُم بِخَمْسَةِ ءَالَـٰفٍ مِّنَ ٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةِ مُسَوِّمِينَ
10:12 When adversity touches the human being, he implores us while lying down, or sitting, or standing up. But as soon as we relieve his adversity, he goes on as if he never implored us to relieve any hardship! The works of the transgressors are thus adorned in their eyes.
وَإِذَا مَسَّ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ ٱلضُّرُّ دَعَانَا لِجَنۢبِهِۦٓ أَوْ قَاعِدًا أَوْ قَآئِمًا فَلَمَّا كَشَفْنَا عَنْهُ ضُرَّهُۥ مَرَّ كَأَن لَّمْ يَدْعُنَآ إِلَىٰ ضُرٍّ مَّسَّهُۥ كَذَٰلِكَ زُيِّنَ لِلْمُسْرِفِينَ مَا كَانُوا۟ يَعْمَلُونَ
39:49 If the human is touched by adversity, he implores us, but as soon as we bestow a blessing upon him, he says, “I attained this because of my cleverness!” Indeed, this is only a test, but most of them do not know.
فَإِذَا مَسَّ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ ضُرٌّ دَعَانَا ثُمَّ إِذَا خَوَّلْنَـٰهُ نِعْمَةً مِّنَّا قَالَ إِنَّمَآ أُوتِيتُهُۥ عَلَىٰ عِلْمٍۭ بَلْ هِىَ فِتْنَةٌ وَلَـٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ
37:75 Thus, Noah called upon us, and we were the best responders.
وَلَقَدْ نَادَىٰنَا نُوحٌ فَلَنِعْمَ ٱلْمُجِيبُونَ
Specifically, in the case of John, it is worth noting that John had direct communication with the angels who were carrying God’s message between him and God. Additionally, the verse uses the same form as discussed previously, where it says, “To us they were reverent.” The expression can be understood in two ways. Either John and his wife were reverencing “us,” or, according to us, John and his wife were reverent. The first interpretation would imply shirk (associating partners with God), while the latter interpretation aligns with the rest of the Quran.
21:90 We responded to him and granted him John; we fixed his wife for him. That is because they used to hasten to work righteousness, and implored us in situations of joy, as well as fear. To us, they were reverent.
فَٱسْتَجَبْنَا لَهُۥ وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُۥ يَحْيَىٰ وَأَصْلَحْنَا لَهُۥ زَوْجَهُۥٓ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا۟ يُسَـٰرِعُونَ فِى ٱلْخَيْرَٰتِ وَيَدْعُونَنَا رَغَبًا وَرَهَبًا وَكَانُوا۟ لَنَا خَـٰشِعِينَ
In the Quran, the use of the term “our servant” often signifies a hierarchical structure of servitude that ultimately points to God as the supreme authority. This phrase underscores that each person in the chain of command serves the one above them, but all are ultimately serving God. Consider that when God commanded the angels to fall prostrate, this command was given by God through other agents to all the angels. So, while the ultimate command was from God there was a clear chain of command that was being utilized in this process.
2:34 When we said to the angels, “Fall prostrate before Adam,” they fell prostrate, except Satan; he refused, was too arrogant, and a disbeliever.
وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةِ ٱسْجُدُوا۟ لِـَٔادَمَ فَسَجَدُوٓا۟ إِلَّآ إِبْلِيسَ أَبَىٰ وَٱسْتَكْبَرَ وَكَانَ مِنَ ٱلْكَـٰفِرِينَ
About this work
| Kind | Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Quran Talk Blog |
| Publisher | Quran Talk |
| Published | July 16, 2024 |
| Collection | Quran Talk Blog |
| Topics | God's Oneness, Angels, God Has No Son, Understanding the Quran, Christian Doctrine |
| Standing | Commentary or other writing |
Identifiers
| Address | https://www.wikisubmission.org/library/work/quran-s-use-of-plural-tense-e731d6bcd7176512 |
|---|---|
| ID | 01a127b6-5333-73f8-be0a-89264ebcdcf9 |